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Bitcoin mining is the process by which new bitcoins are created and added to the circulating supply. It is a crucial component of the Bitcoin network, as it not only introduces new bitcoins but also maintains the security and integrity of the blockchain ledger. Bitcoin mining involves solving complex mathematical puzzles using powerful computers, and miners compete to solve these puzzles in order to add new blocks of transactions to the blockchain.
 

Here's how the process of Bitcoin mining works:
 

1. Transaction Validation: Whenever a Bitcoin transaction is made, it is added to a pool of unconfirmed transactions. Miners select transactions from this pool to include in the next block.

2. Proof of Work: Miners then work to solve a cryptographic puzzle, which requires immense computational power. The first miner to solve the puzzle gets to add the next block of transactions to the blockchain.

3. Block Addition: Once the puzzle is solved, the new block is added to the blockchain, and the transactions it contains are confirmed as valid. This process requires a significant amount of energy and computational resources.

4. Reward: As a reward for their efforts, the miner who successfully adds the new block receives a fixed number of newly created bitcoins, along with any transaction fees paid by users for the transactions included in the block.